The climatic variations and development of yellow soil in Beibei since the Holocene epoch

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9-氨基-1,2,3,4-四氢吖啶衍生物的合成

为了降低第一个用于治疗老年痴呆症药物他克林的毒副作用,提高其药理活性,对其侧链氨基进行了改性研究.分别对他克林进行了乙酰化、丁酰化及氯乙酰化反应,制备了相应的衍生物.鉴于哌嗪基团的亲水性,将其引入吖啶分子中,合成出化合物9-(2-哌嗪乙酰氨基)-1,2,3,4-四氢吖啶.所有化合物的结构均经元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和质谱表证.     

河北省仔猪黄白痢流行病学调查及致病菌的分离与鉴定

仔猪黄白痢是危害养猪业的一种常见疾病.通过对河北省不同地区17家猪场的走访调查,探讨仔猪黄白痢大规模爆发的原因和防治对策,并从某猪场发病仔猪的排泄物中分离得到1株菌,经形态学、生物化学和分子生物学实验鉴定,该分离株为革兰氏阴性菌,克氏三糖铁培养产酸产气,LTB与M17873核苷酸序列同源性为100 %,该菌株确定为产肠毒素型大肠杆菌.     

微波辅助法提取芒果食用黄色素的研究

采用微波辅助提取法对芒果中黄色素成分的提取工艺进行了优选.在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交表L9(34),以提取剂乙醇体积分数、固液比、微波功率、辐射时间为因素,以黄色素溶液的吸光度为指标进行试验,得到最佳工艺参数:1 g芒果粉末,90%的乙醇30 mL,功率280 W的微波处理50 s,黄色素得率为11.38%,提取率达到97.82%,与传统的有机溶剂提取相比,不仅提取率高,而且快速、节能.     

家蚕限性黄茧品种与白茧品种组配四元杂交种研究

用改良成对家蚕限性黄茧品种 (中黄 B× 0 2、中黄 4×日黄 1)与现行强健、丝质优的成对白茧品种 (932× 75 32、芙蓉×湘晖 ) ,按现行四元杂交种的组配方式组配成四元杂交种 ,并进行饲养试验。结果表明 ,在正常季节 ,由 1对限性黄茧品种 (中黄 B× 0 2 )与 1对白茧品种 (“932× 75 32”或“芙蓉×湘晖”)组配成的四元杂交种 (“932 .中黄 B× 75 32 .0 2”或“芙蓉 .中黄 B×湘晖 .0 2”)与 2对白茧品种组配的四元杂交种“932 .芙蓉×75 32 .湘晖” (对照 )相比较 ,虫蛹率相似 ,万头产茧量增加 2 .2 2 %～ 4.2 8% ,万头茧层量增加 1.2 1%～ 3.86 %。白茧的一茧丝长、解舒率与对照相似 ,黄茧的一茧丝长 10 0 0 m左右 ,比对照短 10 0 m左右 ,解舒率比白茧差 2 0 %～ 30 %。说明成对限性黄茧种与成对白茧种组配的四元杂交种 (简称“2限黄 2白四元杂交种”)的综合经济性状可达到或超过现行实用四元白茧品种 (932 .芙蓉× 75 32 .湘晖 )的水平。“2限黄 2白四元杂交种”的杂交原种 8种组合中 ,有 4种组合 (即“限性黄茧 .白茧”)是雌茧黄色 ,雄茧白色 ,良种繁殖过程中利用这一特点鉴别雌雄工效比现行白茧品种提高 5倍左右 ,比斑纹限性品种提高 3倍左右 ,雌雄鉴别的准确率为 10 0 %。     

新洲黄棕壤盆栽小麦肥料效应的研究

用新洲黄棕壤进行小麦盆栽试验，设置对照、施硼肥、施石灰、施钙镁磷肥、施钼肥共5个处理；结果表明，施肥钼能促进小麦生长，显著增加总干物质产量和穗重，说明供试土壤缺钼，施钼对小麦具有明显的增产作用。     

大麦黄花叶病毒抗性突破株系的分子变异

通过大麦黄花叶病毒 (Ba YMV)抗性突破株系的核酸 RNA1全序列分析并与野生株系比较表明 ,抗性突破株系在病毒复制酶或转运蛋白区域 (6K2 )和核酸 RNA复制酶区域 (NIb)存在二个变异位点 .在这二个位点上抗性突破株系核酸分子编码的氨基酸分别为脯氨酸 (Pro)和苏氨酸 (Thr) ,而野生株系分别为缬氨酸(Val)和丙氨酸 (Ala) .对该两种酶蛋白质二级结构分析显示 ,氨基酸的变异可能导致了蛋白质的结构、功能与性质的改变 ,并且此种变异与抗 Ba YMV冬大麦中抗性基因 ym4的功能丧失有关 ,同时也说明了大麦品种田间致病性的差异与病毒核酸分子中的点突变关系密切 .     

Generation of transgenic wheat resistant to wheat yellow mosaic virus and identification of gene silence induced by virus infection

The plasmid containing the promoter Act1, the coat protein (cp) gene of wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) and the selectable bar gene, was delivered via particle bombardment, directly into immature embryos of a wheat cultivars. PCR and PCR-RFLP were employed to screen the existence of the cp gene in T0 and T1 generations. Seeds from the positive T1 plants were sowed in fields heavily contaminated with WYMV to detect their resistance. In field trial of virus infection, one of the transgenic wheat lines, P8-T2, exhibited highly disease-resistance. Western blot and RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression level of cp gene in the resistant transgenic line was reduced greatly compared to those susceptible to WYMV infection. This provided evidence to presume that the resistance obtained by the transgenic wheat line was stimulated by the mechanism of the virus induced gene silencing.     

Malvastrum yellow vein virus,a new Begomovirus species associated with satellite DNA molecule

Virus isolate Y47 was obtained from Malvastrum coromandelianum showing yellow vein symptom in Honghe, Yunnan Province. The complete nudcotide sequence of DNA-A was determined, it contains 2731 nuclcotides,having typical genomic organiTation of a begomovirns, encoding 6ORFs with 2ORFs [AVI(CP) and AV2] in virionsense DNA and 40RFs (ACl-AC4) in complementary-sense DNA. Comparisons show that the total DNA-A of Y47 has the highest sequence identity (77%) with that of Okra yellow vein mosaic virus-[201] (AJ002451), while less than 76% identities are found when compared with other begomoviruses. The molecular data show that virus isolate Y47 is a distinct begomovirns species, for which the name Maivastrum yellow vein vorus is proposed. Satellite DNA molecule (Y47β) was found to be associated with Y47 using the primers (beta01 and beta02) specific for DNAβ Y47β consists of 1348 nuclcotides, with a functional ORF (CI) in complemen-tary-sense DNA.Y47β has 62%--67% sequence identity with DNAβ molecule associated with Cotton leaf curl Muitan virus or Cotton leaf curl Rajasthan virus, while lower than 46% sequence identities are found when compared with other reported DNA[~ molecules. Relationship dendrograms show that DNAβ molecules are co-evolved with their help begomoviruses.     

金纹细蛾发生规律与防治研究进展

金纹细蛾是苹果等果树上一种常见的潜叶性害虫 ,东亚特有种 .自 2 0世纪80年代以来 ,金纹细蛾的危害在我国逐渐加重 ,成为果园的主要害虫之一 ,1992—1993年在全国范围内大暴发 .本文就国内近年来在金纹细蛾的发生为害规律及防治研究进展方面作以综述 .